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authorYannick Tivisse <yti@odoo.com>2016-11-22 15:05:22 +0100
committerYannick Tivisse <yti@odoo.com>2016-11-23 11:52:39 +0100
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treef6c9a9294908207116782c6f8513f91d7aed6403 /doc/reference/workflows.rst
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[REM] workflow: Remove workflow engine, documentation and tests
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-.. _reference/workflows:
-
-Workflows
-=========
-
-In Odoo, a workflow is a technical artefact to manage a set of "things to
-do" associated to the records of a model. The workflow provides a higher-level
-way to organize tasks to perform with or on a record.
-
-More specifically, a workflow is a directed graph where the nodes are called
-"activities" and the arcs are called "transitions".
-
-- Activities define work that should be done within the Odoo server, such
- as changing the state of some records, or sending emails.
-- Transitions control how the workflow progresses from activity to activity.
-
-In the definition of a workflow, one can attach conditions, signals, and
-triggers to transitions, so that the behavior of the workflow depends on user
-actions (such as clicking on a button), changes to records, or arbitrary
-Python code.
-
-All in all, Odoo's workflow system provides:
-
-* a description of the evolution of a record (document) over time
-* automatic actions based on various and flexible conditions
-* management of company roles and validation steps
-* management of interactions between objects
-* a visual representation of document flows through their lifecycle
-
-For instance, a basic order could have the following flow:
-
-.. sphinx.ext.graphviz would be nice, but it requires ``dot`` on any machine
-.. where the doc is compiled... otoh this is a pain in the ass because you
-.. need 2 compilation steps (dot -> image and rst -> html) every time
-
-.. image:: workflow/order_0.*
- :align: center
-
-Orders start in the *Draft* state, can be *Confirmed* by a user, and then
-either shipped (*Closed*) or *Canceled*.
-
-A company using Odoo may want to add discount support to orders, where sales
-staff has discretionary discounting powers up to 15%, but manager validation
-is required for discounts beyond 15%. The workflow can be altered online to
-add the relevant steps without editing Python or XML files:
-
-.. image:: workflow/order_1.*
- :align: center
-
-Because Activities can perform arbitrary actions, the *Validation* can
-automatically send a validation request to the relevant employee.
-
-.. note:: the order view needs to be modified to add an *Accept Discount*
- button for managers
-
-Basics
-------
-
-Defining a workflow with data files is straightforward: a record "workflow" is
-given together with records for the activities and the transitions. For
-instance, here is a simple sequence of two activities defined in XML
-
-.. code-block:: xml
-
- <record id="test_workflow" model="workflow">
- <field name="name">test.workflow</field>
- <field name="osv">test.workflow.model</field>
- <field name="on_create">True</field>
- </record>
-
- <record id="activity_a" model="workflow.activity">
- <field name="wkf_id" ref="test_workflow"/>
- <field name="flow_start">True</field>
- <field name="name">a</field>
- <field name="kind">function</field>
- <field name="action">print_a()</field>
- </record>
- <record id="activity_b" model="workflow.activity">
- <field name="wkf_id" ref="test_workflow"/>
- <field name="flow_stop">True</field>
- <field name="name">b</field>
- <field name="kind">function</field>
- <field name="action">print_b()</field>
- </record>
-
- <record id="trans_a_b" model="workflow.transition">
- <field name="act_from" ref="activity_a"/>
- <field name="act_to" ref="activity_b"/>
- <field name="signal">signal_goto_b</signal>
- </record>
-
-A worfklow is always defined with respect to a particular model (the model is
-given by the attribute ``osv`` on the model ``workflow``). Methods specified
-in the activities or transitions will be called on that model.
-
-In the example code above, a workflow called "test_workflow" is created. It is
-made up of two activies, named "a" and "b", and one transition, going from "a"
-to "b".
-
-The first activity has its attribute ``flow_start`` set to ``True`` so that
-Odoo knows where to start the workflow traversal after it is instanciated.
-Because ``on_create`` is set to True on the workflow record, the workflow is
-instanciated for each newly created record. (Otherwise, the workflow should be
-instanciated by other means, such as from some module Python code.)
-
-When the workflow is instanciated, it begins with activity "a". That activity
-is of kind ``function``, which means that the action ``print_a()`` is a method
-call on the model ``test.workflow`` (the usual ``cr, uid, ids, context``
-arguments are passed for you).
-
-The transition between "a" and "b" specify a signal but not any condition. This
-means the workflow instance will immediately transition from "a" to "b" when the
-signal ``signal_goto_b`` is recieved and thus processes activity "b"'s action
-``print_b()``.
-
-Activities
-----------
-
-While the transitions can be seen as the control structures of the workflows,
-activities are where everything happens, from changing record
-states to sending email.
-
-Different kinds of activities exist: ``Dummy``, ``Function``, ``Subflow``, and
-``Stop all``, each doing different things when the activity is processed. In
-addition to their kind, activies have other properties, detailed in the next
-sections.
-
-Flow start and flow stop
-''''''''''''''''''''''''
-
-The attribute ``flow_start`` is a boolean value specifying whether the activity
-is processed when the workflow is instanciated. Multiple activities can have
-their attribute ``flow_start`` set to ``True``. When instanciating a workflow
-for a record, Odoo simply processes all of them, and evaluate all their
-outgoing transitions afterwards.
-
-The attribute ``flow_stop`` is a boolean value specifying whether the activity
-stops the workflow instance. A workflow instance is considered completed when
-all its activities with the attribute ``flow_stop`` set to ``True`` are
-completed.
-
-It is important for Odoo to know when a workflow instance is completed. A
-workflow can have an activity that is actually another workflow (called a
-subflow); that activity is completed when the subflow is completed.
-
-Subflow
-'''''''
-
-An activity can embed a complete workflow, called a subflow (the embedding
-workflow is called the parent workflow). The workflow to instanciate is
-specified by attribute ``subflow_id``.
-
-.. note:: In the GUI, that attribute can not be set unless the kind of the
- activity is ``Subflow``.
-
-The activity is considered completed (and its outgoing transitions ready to be
-evaluated) when the subflow is completed (see attribute ``flow_stop`` above).
-
-Sending a signal from a subflow
-'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
-
-When a workflow is embedded in an activity (as a subflow) of a workflow, the
-sublow can send a signal from its own activities to the parent workflow by
-giving a signal name in the attribute ``signal_send``. Odoo processes those
-activities by sending the value of ``signal_send`` prefixed by "subflow." to
-the parent workflow instance.
-
-In other words, it is possible to react and get transitions in the parent
-workflow as activities are executed in the sublow.
-
-Server actions
-''''''''''''''
-
-An activity can run a "Server Action" by specifying its ID in the attribute
-``action_id``.
-
-Python action
-'''''''''''''
-
-An activity can execute some Python code, given by the attribute ``action``.
-The evaluation environment is the same as the one explained in the section
-`Conditions`_.
-
-Split mode
-''''''''''
-
-After an activity has been processed, Odoo evaluates its transition to reach
-the next activity in the flow.
-
-However if an activity has more than one transition, Odoo must decide which
-activity or activities to follow.
-
-.. image:: workflow/split.*
- :align: center
-
-This choice is controlled by the ``split_mode`` attribute:
-
-``XOR`` (default)
- By default, Odoo will use the first transition (in ``sequence`` order)
- whose condition is satisfied. All other transitions are ignored.
-``OR``
- In ``OR`` mode, all transitions with a satisfied condition are traversed
- simultanously. Transitions not yet valid will be ignored, even if they
- become valid later.
-``AND``
- In ``AND`` mode, Odoo will wait until *all* transitions are satisfied, and
- will traverse all of them (much like the ``OR`` mode).
-
-Both ``OR`` and ``AND`` mode will lead to activities being active in the same
-workflow.
-
-Join mode
-'''''''''
-
-Just like outgoing transition conditions can be combined together to decide
-whether they can be traversed or not, incoming transitions can be combined
-together to decide if and when an activity may be processed.
-
-.. image:: workflow/join.*
- :align: center
-
-The ``join_mode`` attribute controls that behavior:
-
-``XOR`` (default)
- Any incoming transition enables the activity and starts its processing.
-``AND``
- The activity is enabled and processed only once *all* incoming transitions
- have been traversed.
-
-Kinds
-'''''
-
-An activity's kind defines the type of work an activity can perform.
-
-Dummy (``dummy``, default)
- Do nothing at all, or call a server action. Often used as dispatch or
- gather "hubs" for transitions.
-Function (``function``)
- Run some python code, execute a server action.
-Stop all (``stopall``)
- Completely stops the workflow instance and marks it as completed.
-Subflow (``subflow``)
- Starts executing an other workflow, once that workflow is completed the
- activity is done processing.
-
- By default, the subflow is instanciated for the same record as the parent
- workflow. It is possible to change that behavior by providing Python code
- that returns a record ID (of the same data model as the subflow). The
- embedded subflow instance is then the one of the given record.
-
-
-Transitions
------------
-
-Transitions provide the control structures to orchestrate a workflow. When an
-activity is completed, the workflow engine tries to get across transitions
-departing from the completed activity, towards the next activities. In their
-simplest form (as in the example above), they link activities sequentially:
-activities are processed as soon as the activities preceding them are
-completed.
-
-Instead of running all activities in one fell swoop, it is also possible to
-wait on transitions, going through them only when some criteria are met. The
-criteria are the conditions, the signals, and the triggers. They are detailed
-in the following sections.
-
-Conditions
-''''''''''
-
-When an activity has been completed, its outgoing transitions are inspected to
-determine whether it is possible for the workflow instance to proceed through
-them and reach the next activities. When only a condition is defined (i.e., no
-signal or trigger is defined), the condition is evaluated by Odoo, and if
-it evaluates to ``True``, the worklfow instance progresses through the
-transition. If the condition is not met, it will be reevaluated every time
-the associated record is modified, or by an explicit method call to do it.
-
-By default, the attribute ``condition`` (i.e., the expression to be evaluated)
-is just "True", which trivially evaluates to ``True``. Note that the condition
-may be several lines long; in that case, the value of the last one determines
-whether the transition can be taken.
-
-In the condition evaluation environment, several symbols are conveniently
-defined (in addition to the Odoo ``safe_eval`` environment):
-
-- all the model column names, and
-- all the browse record's attributes.
-
-.. _reference/workflows/signals:
-
-Signals
-'''''''
-
-In addition to a condition, a transition can specify a signal name. When such
-a signal name is present, the transition is not taken directly, even if the
-condition evaluates to ``True``. Instead the transition blocks, waiting to be
-woken up.
-
-In order to wake up a transition with a defined signal name, the signal must
-be sent to the workflow instance. A common way to send a signal is to use a
-button in the user interface, using the element ``<button/>`` with the signal
-name as the attribute ``name`` of the button. Once the button is clicked, the
-signal is sent to the workflow instance of the current record.
-
-.. note:: The condition is still evaluated when the signal is sent to the
- workflow instance.
-
-Triggers
-''''''''
-
-With conditions that evaluate to ``False``, transitions are not taken (and
-thus the activity it leads to is not processed immediately). Still, the
-workflow instance can get new chances to progress across that transition by
-providing so-called triggers. The idea is that when the condition is not
-satisfied, triggers are recorded in database. Later, it is possible to wake up
-specifically the workflow instances that installed those triggers, offering
-them to reevaluate their transition conditions. This mechanism makes it
-cheaper to wake up workflow instances by targetting just a few of them (those
-that have installed the triggers) instead of all of them.
-
-Triggers are recorded in database as record IDs (together with the model name)
-and refer to the workflow instance waiting for those records. The transition
-definition provides a model name (attribute ``trigger_model``) and a Python
-expression (attribute ``trigger_expression``) that evaluates to a list of
-record IDs in the given model. Any of those records can wake up the workflow
-instance they are associated with.
-
-.. note:: triggers are not re-installed whenever the transition is re-tried.