[MERGE] gamification: prepare use of gamification in slides and user profile

Purpose of this merge is to prepare addition of gamification in slides /
eLearning platform. In order to be able to use karma and the badges in other
modules we move those models in gamification.

A website_profile module is added to hold code, data and all necessary stuff
to display a user profile, including its gamification-related details. It
is a bridge between gamification and website. It will soon hold a revamped
user profile, used in both forum and slides.

More generally this merge is linked to ongoing tasks
 * task ID 1902304 (main eLearning task) PR #29876;
 * task ID 1922159 (new user profile and gamification) PR #30514;
 * task ID 1936153 (new homepage for slides) PR #30770;
 * task ID 1937160 (payment flow and integration with ecommerce) PR #30914;

This merge is therefore not functionally complete itself and serves as a
preparation for other incoming commits. See sub commits for more details
on what has been done here.

closes odoo/odoo#30908

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